Native American Stereotypes in Film and Television

Native American Stereotypes in Film and Television The 2013 remake of â€Å"The Lone Ranger,† featuring Native American sidekick Tonto (Johnny Depp), renewed concerns about whether the media promotes stereotypical images of Native Americans. In film and television, American Indians have long been portrayed as people of few words with magical powers. Often the Indians in Hollywood are dressed as â€Å"warriors,† which perpetuates the notion that Natives are savages. On the other hand, Native American women are depicted as beautiful maidens sexually available to white men. Collectively, the stereotypical images of American Indians in Hollywood continue to influence public perception of this racial group. Beautiful Maidens While the media often portrays Native American men as warriors and medicine men, their female counterparts are typically portrayed as beautiful Indian maidens. There is the maiden on the cover of Land O’ Lakes butter products, Hollywood’s various representations of  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Pocahontas† and Gwen Stefani’s controversial portrayal of an Indian princess for No Doubt’s 2012 music video for â€Å"Looking Hot.† Native American author Sherman Alexie tweeted that with the video No Doubt turned â€Å"500 years of colonialism into a silly dance song and fashion show.† Representations of Native American women as â€Å"easy squaws† have real-world consequences. American Indian women suffer from high rates of sexual assaults, often perpetrated by non-Native men. According to the book Feminisms and Womanisms: A Women’s Studies Reader, American Indian girls are also often subjected to derogatory sexual comments. â€Å"Whether princess or squaw, Native femininity is sexualized,† writes Kim Anderson in the book. â€Å"This understanding finds its way into our lives and our communities. Sometimes, it means constantly having to fend off the advances of people with an appetite for the ‘Other.’ It may involve a continual struggle to resist crass, sexualized interpretations of one’s being†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Stoic Indians Unsmiling Indians who speak few words can be found in classical cinema as well as in cinema of the 21st century. This representation of Native Americans paints them as one-dimensional people who lack the full range of emotions that other groups display. Adrienne Keene of the Native Appropriations blog says that portrayals of indigenous peoples as stoic can largely be traced to the pictures of Edward Curtis, who photographed American Indians in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. â€Å"The common theme throughout Edward Curtis’s portraits is stoicism,† Keene explains. â€Å"None of his subjects smile. Ever. †¦To anyone who has spent any time with Indians, you know that the ‘stoic Indian’ stereotype couldn’t be further from the truth. Natives joke, tease, and laugh more than anyone I know- I often leave Native events with my sides hurting from laughing so much.† Magical Medicine Men Like the â€Å"Magical Negro,† Native American males are often portrayed as wise men with magical powers in film and television shows. Usually medicine men of some sort, these characters have little function other than to guide white characters in the right direction. Oliver Stone’s 1991 film â€Å"The Doors† is a case in point. In this film about the famed rock group, a medicine man appears at key moments in Jim Morrison’s life to shape the singer’s consciousness. The real Jim Morrison may have really felt that he connected with a medicine man, but his thinking was likely influenced by Hollywood depictions of American Indians. In all cultures, there have traditionally been individuals with an impressive knowledge of the healing qualities of plants and herbs. Yet, Native Americans have been portrayed in film and television time and time again as medicine men who have no other purpose but to rescue hapless white people from harm. Bloodthirsty Warriors In films such as â€Å"The Last of The Mohicans,† based on James Fenimore Cooper’s book of the same name, there is no shortage of Indian warriors. Hollywood has traditionally portrayed Native Americans as tomahawk-wielding savages thirsty for the white man’s blood. These brutes engage in barbaric practices such as scalping and sexually violate white women. The Anti-Defamation League has attempted to set this stereotype straight, however. â€Å"While warfare and conflict did exist among Native Americans, the majority of tribes were peaceful and only attacked in self-defense,† the ADL reports. â€Å"Just like European nations, American Indian tribes had complex histories and relationships with one another that sometimes involved combat, but also included alliances, trade, intermarriage and the full spectrum of human ventures.† As the character, Thomas-Builds-the Fire notes in the film â€Å"Smoke Signals,† many First Nations peoples have no history of being warriors. Thomas points out that he came from a tribe of fishermen. The warrior stereotype is a â€Å"shallow† one the ADL asserts, as it â€Å"obscures family and community life, spirituality, and the intricacies inherent in every human society.† In the Wild and on the Rez In Hollywood films, Native Americans are typically found living in the wilderness and on reservations. In reality, considerable numbers of First Nations peoples live off the reservation and in major U.S. cities. According to Washington University in St. Louis, 60 percent of the Native American population lives in cities. The U.S. Census Bureau reports that New York, Los Angeles, and Phoenix boast the largest populations of Native Americans. In Hollywood, however, it’s rare to see an aboriginal character living in a metropolitan area.

African-American History Timeline 1930 to 1939

African-American History Timeline 1930 to 1939 Despite enduring the Great Depression and Jim Crow laws, throughout the decade of 1930, African-Americans continued to make great strides in the areas of sports, education, visual artistry and music. 1930 One of the first art galleries to feature African-American art is opened at Howard University. Founded by James V. Herring, the Howard University Gallery of Art is the first of its kind in the United States to have its artistic vision directed by African-Americans.The Black Muslim Movement is established in Detroit by Wallace Fard Muhammad. Within four years, Elijah Muhammad takes control of the religious movement, moving its headquarters to Chicago. 1931 The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) hires Walter White as its executive secretary. With White in this role, the organization develops new strategies for ending racial discrimination.In March, nine African-American young men are accused of raping two white women. Their case begins on April 6 and they are quickly convicted of the crimes. However, the case of the Scottsboro Boys soon receives national attention and will help pave the way for the civil rights movement.Symphony composer William Grant Still becomes the first African-American to have his music performed by a major orchestra. 1932 A 40-year study begins in Tuskegee, Ala. testing the impact of syphilis on 400 African-American men. The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment is established through the U.S. Public Health Service. The men are never told they have the disease nor are they offered any treatment.Thomas Dorsey, known as the father of African-American gospel music. Dorsey writes Take My Hand, Precious Lord.Leon H. Washington publishes Sentinel in Los Angeles.Sculptor Augusta Savage opens the Savage Studio of Arts and Crafts. Based out of New York City, it is considered the largest art center in the United States. 1933 James Weldon Johnson publishes his autobiography, Along This Way. Johnsons autobiography is the first person narrative by an African-American to be reviewed by the New York Times. Historian Carter G. Woodson publishes Mis-education of the Negro. 1934 W.E.B. Du Bois resigns from the NAACP.Zora Neale Hurston publishes her first novel, Jonahs Gourd Vine. 1935 The Southern Tenant Farmers Union is established by the Socialist Party to assist southern sharecroppers to fight for better wages and working conditions.Pianist Count Basie establishes Count Basie and His Orchestra, which will become one of the biggest bands of the Swing Era.The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in the Norris v. Alabama case that a defendant must have the right to a trial by jury by his/her peers. This ruling overturns the Scottsboro Boys early conviction.Mary McLeod Bethune establishes the National Council of Negro Womencalling more than 20 leaders of national womens organizations together. 1936 Bethune is appointed Director of the Division of Negro Affairs for the National Youth Administration. Bethune is the first African-American woman to receive a presidential appointment and is the highest-ranking African-American official in Theodore Roosevelts administration.Jesse Owens wins four gold medals at the Berlin Olympics. His achievement defies Adolf Hitlers plan to use the Olympics to show the world Aryan Supremacy.The first medical textbook to be written by an African-American is entitled Syphilis and Its Treatment. The author is Dr. William Augustus Hinton.The first African-American federal judge is appointed by Roosevelt. William H. Hastie is appointed to the federal bench in the U.S. Virgin Islands. 1937 The Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters and Maids signs a collective bargaining agreement with the Pullman Company.Joe Louis wins the heavyweight championship against James J. Braddock.The Negro Dance Group is founded by Katherine Dunham.Zora Neale Hurston publishes the novel Their Eyes Were Watching God. 1938 The work of Jacob Lawrence debuts in an exhibition at the Harlem YMCA.Crystal Bird Fauset becomes the first African-American woman elected to a state legislature. She is chosen to serve in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives. 1939 Marian Anderson sings at the Lincoln Memorial in front of 75,000 people on Easter Sunday.The Black Actors Guild is founded by Bill Bojangles Robinson.Jane M. Bolin is appointed to the domestic relations court of New York City. This appointment makes her the first African-American woman judge in the United States.

Write a response to the film Genetics and Public Policy. What was new Movie Review

Write a response to the film Genetics and Public Policy. What was new to you What surprised you Did you agree with the arguments presented - Movie Review Example Watching the film, I found it amazing to what extent genes control human organisms. I have read about genes before, but I had no idea about the latest findings in the industry. They make up chromosomes, which compose DNA. The documentary states that 99% of DNA people have are identical and only 1% makes all people unique. Any deviations in chromosomes result in disabilities or certain diseases like sickle cell disease or Down syndrome. Indeed, if people can observe the development of chromosomes and detect deviations in their number or structure, they can help couples have healthy children. It is interesting that scientists can use genetic testing to â€Å"program children†; for instance they could influence eyes color or even sex of a future child. In this way people can predict and support healthy and sustainable future generation. The biggest surprise for me is that scientists do not share common views on the need of regulation for genetic testing. Some of them say that government already pays too much attention to what they do and it makes the process slower. The other group of scientists believes that the process is already too fast and government should impose more regulations on genetic testing. This group of scientists is afraid of opening a new Pandora box because nobody knows how far people can go in search of a perfect human being. I agree with the arguments which support stronger regulations for genetic testing. It is a great progress in science, but its results will support unwanted consequences such as greater gap between the rich and the poor. All scientists agree that genetic testing is a costly procedure; as a result, only rich people will afford to use it to have better and healthier children. Poor children will be deprived of these advances and their children will be weaker. Moreover, disabled people will be oppressed by the fact that their parents could prevent their disability but they did not do it. Developing technologies

Finance and Accounting Briefing in Healthcare Essay

Finance and Accounting Briefing in Healthcare - Essay Example It is against this background that the institution wishes to steer clear of the raging political and social concerns amongst governors and senators (Holly, 2012). The ongoing jostling by governors to garner comparative advantages for given states nevertheless should be embraced because many Americans hold diverse political and economic inclinations in relation to federal spending. However, the strategy of the institutions of CMS and the statutory obligations must be observed and vindicated of all forms of bias and manipulation. It is incidental to the office of the director of the program to offer leadership and stewardship for the greatest good (Lorenz, 2013). The main obligation of the CMS is to secure effective cost management in the healthcare systems while also optimizing the outcomes per dollar budgetary allocation. In this regard, Affordable Care Act (ACA) is often deemed the harbinger of a legislative masterpiece. Medicaid matching grant is therefore meant to produce a greater impact on the healthcare systems than previously thought in terms of actual outcomes (Newhouse et al, 2013). Whereas the Federal Medical Assistance Percentages (FMAP) remains a useful policy instrument, the Directorate of the CMS must be cognizant of the fact that given states may deploy unscrupulous ways of influencing greater funding for their regions. In the foregoing debate in the Congress, for instance, many states perceived to be more worthy of greater funding have not really yielded optimal outcomes (United States Government Accountability Office GOA, 2011). Each administration has also produced varying results for the FMAP Floor change and thus politi cal influences are an unavoidable consideration. It should be noted that the proposed Medicaid intergovernmental grant structure will potentially have greater outcomes than the earlier versions of policy typologies.

Health Benefits of Dark Chocolate

Health Benefits of Dark Chocolate Natalija Miller Get Your Daily Dose of Chocolate: The Darker, The Better! It has been reported that there are certain types of bacteria located within the human stomach that will actually ferment chocolate into heart-healthy, anti-inflammatory compounds. At the 247th National Meeting Exposition of the American Chemical Society, hosted at the Dallas Convention Center this last March, this conclusion was drawn and presented. Maria Moore who is surprisingly enough, an undergraduate student working on this research stated that two different types of microbes live within a person’s stomach. There are good ones like â€Å"Bifidobacterium and lactic acid bacteria†, which help to break down the chocolate, and then there’s the not so great ones such as some forms of Clostridia and E. coli, which have been known to not only produce inflammation, but also to potentially cause â€Å"gas, bloating, diarrhea and constipation†. She notes that, â€Å"When you eat dark chocolate, they [the good microbes] grow and ferment it, producing compou nds that are anti-inflammatory†. These researchers from Louisiana State University, led by John Finley, Ph.D., are the first to be conducting a study about dark chocolate’s effects on the multiple bacteria that reside within the stomach. It was said that when the compounds are absorbed, they effectively reduce the possibility of a stroke in later years by lessening cardiovascular tissue inflammation. By testing a total of 3 different types of cocoa powder in a mock digestive tract composed of â€Å"modified test tubes† used to mimic normal digestion, these researchers, â€Å"subjected the non-digestible materials to anaerobic fermentation using human fecal bacteria†. The main ingredient in chocolate, the thing that makes chocolate, chocolate cocoa powder, contains an abundance of polyphenolic compounds (antioxidants) catechin and epicatechin being two prominent examples and dietary fiber in a relatively small amount, both of which are â€Å"poorly dig ested and absorbed†. Finley then explained that, â€Å"In our study we found that the fiber is fermented and the large polyphenolic polymers are metabolized to smaller molecules, which are more easily absorbed. These smaller polymers exhibit anti-inflammatory activity†. Also, polyphenols found in the stomach may be converted or transformed to reduce inflammation by joining together prebiotics and cocoa powder fiber, increasing one’s overall health. Prebiotics can be defined as complex carbohydrates that cannot be broken down and digested, but the good bacteria in the stomach like to â€Å"eat† them. Finley then went on to say that, â€Å"When you ingest prebiotics, the beneficial gut microbial population increases and outcompetes any undesirable microbes in the gut, like those that cause stomach problems†. This article ended with a note on how dark chocolate could prove to be even more beneficial if combined with things like pomegranate, acai berry or other solid fruits (American Chemical Society, 2014). As far as how this concept pertains to the things that we have talked about in class this past year, we may need to dive a little deeper into the process than this article goes. Because we have yet to really learn anything about physio-chemistry which is where a vast majority of these concepts apply we’re going to have to talk in rather general terms. Considering the fact that the class is termed, â€Å"General Chemistry†, it would seem reasonable to do just that. First things first, we must consider a lab that was done rather early on in the year. While discussing solubility in class, a lab was done in which a certain solution was suspended in a test tube, combined with another solution and then heated until a solid was produced. This process formed something called a ‘precipitate’. Precipitate is define in the dictionary as, â€Å"to cause (something solid) to become separated from a liquid especially by a chemical process† (referring to the proc edure) or merely as a â€Å"a substance precipitated from a solution† (the solid itself) (Merriam-Websters online dictionary, n.d.). The other concept worth taking note of is thermodynamics. We have discussed Gibbs Free Energy in class these past few weeks. This too plays a role. A. D. McNaught and A. Wilkinson, the compilers of Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the Gold Book), refer to a process called Ostwald Ripening a process in which small, solid particles in a liquid compound are taken out of solution, while the dissolved species residing on the outside of those larger particles undergo redeposition. This process is one of the key underlying contributors to digestion. Food enters the stomach which is suspended (allowing the effects of gravity) placed in a solution of hydrochloric acid, potassium chloride, and sodium chloride (gastric acid) (Stewart, 1981), heated by the body, and then, through Ostwald Ripening, the food comes out as a larger, â€Å"purer/cleaner† (American Chemical Society, 2014), precipitated substance . One of the reasons why this process goes over so smoothly is because, â€Å"smaller particles have a higher surface energy, hence higher total Gibbs energy, than larger particles, giving rise to an apparent higher solubility† (McNaught Wilkinson, 1997). These concepts are important to take note of, with respect to the article about how great dark-chocolate is for a person’s overall health, because in order to understand how the chocolate is broken down and absorbed, there needs to be a foundation for how the process works in general. Understanding that the substance will dissociate in the stomach and the essentials for that operation, will open up a better foundation for someone to apprehend what the article was stating. The researchers concluded that chocolate contains two poorly digested materials. After the brief discussion on what digestion is, it can determined that chocolate has certain substances that cannot be precipitated. What then does the body do with what it cannot digest, or break down? Well, the answer according to the article is that they are â€Å"eaten†, fermented, metabolized and then absorbed by bacteria. In the case of cocoa powder, the products of this process have anti-inflammatory properties and can reduce the risk of stroke and stomach problems (American Chemical Society, 2014). Even though all the information on digestion was not included in this article, I thought what they did include was sufficiently put together, but in my personal opinion, to anyone who isn’t already knowledgeable about the subject in at least some capacity, would walk away from the article thinking nothing more than, â€Å"Sweet, dark-chocolate is good for me. I should eat more of it.† While this article is not necessarily promoting such action, it’s not opposing it either. The information, however, seems to be geared towards those who do, in fact, have an already established foundation for this type of material. I thought that the article was very reader-friendly and tried to give anyone curious enough to read about it a basic overview of the study, but I was ultimately left questioning more than I was before reading it. Because of what I have learned about thermodynamics, solubility and precipitation, I have to wonder a couple of things. For instance, how do good bacteria â€Å"eat† away the complex carbohydrates and dietary fiber and then ferment it? Is the process drastically different than digestion? What sort of heat is needed for that reaction to occur? I am interested in how, at the end of each process both digestion and fermentation/metabolization nutrients from the substance eaten are absorbed. How is the process of events different for each reaction? I have to wonder how these compounds have anti-inflammatory properties after absorption. What do those bacterium do to the dark-chocolate’s components, and ultimately, why isn’t the bacteria digested or fermented? Does it have to do with what reactions occur within the stomach? That would my best guess. These are all questions that I ask myself now because general chemistry has taught me a lot about reactions, what will react, what won’t and in what capacity. Because of that, I am left wondering more about what it is exactly that is happening in my stomach, not only when I eat dark-chocolate, but any time I put food in my mouth. How does our body know how to process certain foods? This concept is very interesting, and I have general chemistry to thank for that. Works Cited American Chemical Society. Press Room. (2014, March 18). The precise reason for the health benefits of dark chocolate: mystery solved. Retrieved May 29, 2014, from http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/pressroom/newsreleases/2014/march/the-precise-reason-for-the-health-benefits-of-dark-chocolate-mystery-solved.html McNaught, A. D., Wilkinson, A. (1997). Ostwald ripening. Compendium of Chemical Terminology (the Gold Book). Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications. precipitate. n.d., In Merriam-Webster.com. Retrieved May 29, 2014, from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/precipitate Stewart, P. A. (1981). Chapter 1: 1.5 Other Bodily Fluids. How to understand acid-base: a quantitative acid-base primer for biology and medicine. New York: Elsevier.

Knowlege on Segway

The Segway Personal Transporter (PT) represents the next generation in personal mobility, offering several advancements that make the ride even more intuitive and productive than ever before. Other examples of Segway Smart Motionâ„ ¢ technology and licensing of Segway Smart Motion technology to other third-party companies, demonstrate that Segway continues to challenge the assumptions and expand the boundaries of traditional transportation. For Consumers. You can choose between the versatile and sleek flagship model, the Segway i2 with lithium-ion batteries standard); the Segway x2, or six different fully equipped packages tailored to such uses as commuting and golf. The Segway i2 is a great way to enjoy the ride while commuting to work, running errands, or just traveling a short distance where a car is more hassle than it's worth. The Segway x2 brings added versatility to your world, offering sturdy capability in rugged off-sidewalk terrains such as trails, bike paths or beachfronts. The Segway x2 Golf package is an innovative, fun and flexible way to play around. And remember, fun is engineered into every Segway PT we build! Go to our easy to use configurator to build your own Segway PT and decide which Segway PT may be best suited for you. Every Segway PT is engineered from the groundup for durability and reliable operation for years to come, and they all come standard with a one-year limited warranty. For Businesses Businesses worldwide have discovered the enhanced productivity and increased mobility inherent to the versatile, reliable and durable Segway i2. The Segway i2 has been developed to excel in speed, range, and maneuverability in varied environments. It comes standard with lithium-ion batteries for extended range of up to 24 miles on a single charge. Packages tailored to the needs of security and commercial customers are now available and an additional range of accessories can be added for true customization. Police and security agencies worldwide are using Segway products to patrol airports, transit stations, manufacturing facilities, shopping malls and campuses. Check out the versatile Segway i2 Police , optimized for policing needs with additional cargo and reflectivity options. For businesses operating in outdoor environments, the Segway x2 maximizes performance on diverse off-sidewalk terrain. This rugged version of our venerable Segway PT makes tackling rough terrain a breeze. Equipped with standard lithium-ion batteries and low-pressure tires. The Segway Robotic Mobility Platform (RMP) takes the performance and engineering prowess demonstrated in the Segway PT and makes it available in a durable package for robotics applications.

The Constructive Unfair Dismissal System Free Essay Example, 3000 words

The implication of the Western Excavating case is that the courts are leaning towards the contractual test and had, in effect, narrowed down the application of constructive dismissal to circumstances that are relevant to the employment contract. The decision was, however, qualified by Lawton LJ when he stated: I do not find it either necessary or advisable to express any opinion as to what principles of law operate to bring a contract of employment to an end by reason of an employer s conduct. Sensible persons have no difficulty in recognizing such conduct when they hear about it Lay members of the tribunal so not spend all their time in court and when out of court they may use, and certainly will hear, short words and terse phrases which describe clearly the kind of employer of whom an employee is entitled without notice to rid himself. This is what [constructive dismissal] is all about, and what is required for the application of this provision is a large measure of common sense . In addition, subsequent cases had proven that the application of the reasonableness test had not, after all, been totally obliterated by the Western Excavating case. We will write a custom essay sample on The Constructive Unfair Dismissal System or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page